{"id":19351,"date":"2020-06-01T18:05:42","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T18:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/solongevity.com\/?p=471"},"modified":"2022-12-14T08:44:26","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T08:44:26","slug":"metabolism-is-it-true-that-it-slows-down-with-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solongevity.com\/en\/longevity-news\/metabolism-is-it-true-that-it-slows-down-with-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Metabolism, is it true that it slows down with age?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50d7741d33\">\n        <h3 class=\"article-title\">The Metabolism<\/h3>\n          With age the metabolism becomes less efficient, but through caloric restriction we can act on molecular processes, slowing down aging and related diseases.\r\n\r\nSooner or later they all go through it. After the age of 30, the <strong>metabolism<\/strong> &#8211; that is, all the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism &#8211; begins to slow down, so it is more difficult to keep your body shape, you put on fat, you lose muscle mass and so on.\r\n\r\nAll this happens because, with age, those systems that have the task of capturing nutrients and maintaining their balance (homeostasis) become less efficient. In short, the metabolism no longer corresponds to the body&#8217;s energy demand.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"custom_quote-block_5eb50e1a41d34\" class=\"quote\">\n  <p class=\"quote\">With ageing, the metabolism no longer corresponds to the body&#8217;s energy demand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50e5441d35\">\n          <strong>Four metabolic pathways &#8220;losing balance&#8221;<\/strong>\r\n\r\nOne of the metabolic pathways most prone to this dysregulation is <strong>insulin<\/strong> one, the hormone managing the <strong>glucose<\/strong> level within the blood, intercepting the sugar molecules to bring them to the cells, where they are converted into <strong>energy<\/strong>. Glucose, in fact, is the main source of energy of all organisms: a glucose molecule, by breaking down and oxidizing, can provide up to 32 molecules of adenosine triphosphate, or <strong>ATP<\/strong>, which is the &#8220;exchange currency&#8221; of energy in the cells.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"custom_quote-block_5eb50e6d41d36\" class=\"quote\">\n  <p class=\"quote\">Among the metabolic pathways most prone to dysregulation are those of insulin, mTOR, AMPK and sirtuins, the longevity proteins.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50e8141d37\">\n          <strong>ATP molecules are the energy exchange currencies of organisms.<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAnother metabolic pathway that loses its impact with advancing age is <strong>mTOR<\/strong> one, a protein that perceives the levels of amino acids, i.e. the building blocks that make up proteins, and regulates cell growth (the name mTOR stands for mammalian Target Of Rapamycin, i.e. Target of rapamycin in mammals).\r\n\r\nThen there is the metabolic pathway of <strong>AMPK<\/strong>, another enzyme that perceives both nutrients and energy molecules. The activation of AMPK leads to a metabolic rebalancing (characterized by inhibition of anabolic processes and stimulation of catabolic processes). The coordinated regulation of these processes, which triggers the increase in AMPK, therefore favours systems of maintenance, recycling of damaged molecules (a process called &#8220;proteostasis&#8221;) and repair of damage, increasing resistance to stress and promoting cell survival.\r\n\r\nLast, but not least, the metabolic system of <strong>sirtuins<\/strong>, the &#8220;longevity proteins&#8221; that perceive energy levels and intervene to ensure cell survival in case of severe stress, such as lack of nutrients or lower temperatures.\r\n\r\n<strong>Perch\u00e9 se mangi meno vivi di pi\u00f9<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIl calo del rendimento di queste vie metaboliche \u00e8 un fenomeno fisiologico del tutto normale, ma gli scienziati si sono accorti che la presenza di\u00a0<strong>mutazioni genetiche\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; in particolare quelle che riguardano l\u2019IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1) &#8211; possono cambiare di molto le cose, con un effetto anche sull\u2019aumento della durata della vita e sulla riduzione del rischio di malattie tipiche dell\u2019et\u00e0.\r\n\r\n<strong>Why eating less implies living longer<\/strong>\r\n\r\nThe performance decline of these metabolic pathways is a completely normal physiological phenomenon, but scientists have found that the presence of <strong>genetic mutations<\/strong> &#8211; particularly those involving IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-1) &#8211; can change things a lot, with an effect also on increasing lifespan and reducing the risk of age-related diseases.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"custom_quote-block_5eb50ec441d38\" class=\"quote\">\n  <p class=\"quote\">The effect of mutations that mitigate metabolic imbalances typical of ageing can be simulated with calorie restriction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50ed641d39\">\n          An interesting aspect of this discovery was to understand that the effect of such mutations can be simulated with <strong>caloric restriction<\/strong>, through <strong>intermittent fasting<\/strong> patterns or specific <strong>diets<\/strong>. There is, in fact, a close link between ageing and metabolic systems designed to capture nutrients.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"largeimage-block_5eb50f1541d3a\" class=\"article-large-image\">\n  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"slg-large-image\" src=\"\" srcset=\" 500w,  800w,  1080w,  2500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 96vw, (max-width: 767px) 92vw, (max-width: 991px) 94vw, (max-width: 1279px) 86vw, 90vw\" alt=\"\">\n    <div class=\"caption\">\n    The insulin receptor (in blue) is a protein which, activated by insulin (in orange), allows glucose to pass from the blood into the cell.    <br>\n  <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50f3841d3b\">\n          In essence, starving the body for short periods causes a change in metabolism, which leads to better regulation of glucose levels, increased resistance to oxidative stress and <strong>suppression of inflammatory processes<\/strong>.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"custom_quote-block_5eb50f4641d3c\" class=\"quote\">\n  <p class=\"quote\">At the moment, caloric restriction is considered the most effective strategy to combat metabolic changes related to ageing and to prevent the accompanying pathological conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n<div id=\"title_text-block_5eb50f5541d3d\">\n          Gli effetti della restrizione calorica variano molto in base al genere e all\u2019et\u00e0. Tuttavia al momento gli esperti sono concordi nel considerarla la strategia pi\u00f9 convincente per contrastare i cambiamenti metabolici connessi all\u2019invecchiamento e prevenire le condizioni patologiche che lo accompagnano, dall&#8217;<strong>ipertensione<\/strong>\u00a0alle\u00a0<strong>malattie cardiovascolari<\/strong>\u00a0ai\u00a0<strong>tumori<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nNon \u00e8 un caso che le popolazioni che per tradizione seguono un regime alimentare con poche calorie, come gli abitanti di Okinawa in Giappone, mostrino una longevit\u00e0 fuori dal comune e una bassa incidenza di\u00a0<strong>obesit\u00e0\u00a0<\/strong>e\u00a0<strong>diabete<\/strong>.\r\n\u200d\r\nIl digiuno intermittente \u00e8 l\u2019unica soluzione? No: negli ultimi anni si sono accumulate evidenze scientifiche sugli effetti di alcune molecole di origine naturale che possono \u201cmimare\u201d la restrizione calorica andando ad agire proprio su quei meccanismi molecolari che rallentano l\u2019invecchiamento cellulare. Si chiamano \u201c<em>caloric restriction mimetics<\/em>\u201d (CMRs) e sono in fase di attenta valutazione da parte dei ricercatori perch\u00e9, essendo presenti nella nostra alimentazione da sempre, non hanno apparenti rischi di tossicit\u00e0 o effetti collaterali. SoLongevity \u00e8 impegnata nella ricerca di CMRs attivi sulle tre vie metaboliche dell\u2019invecchiamento.\r\n\r\nThe <strong>caloric restriction<\/strong> effects vary greatly according to gender and age. However, experts currently agree that it is the most convincing strategy to counteract the metabolic changes associated with ageing and prevent the pathological conditions that accompany it, from <strong>hypertension<\/strong> to <strong>cardiovascular diseases<\/strong> and <strong>tumours<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nIt is no coincidence that people who traditionally follow a low-calorie diet, such as the inhabitants of Okinawa in Japan, show an uncommon longevity and a low incidence of <strong>obesity<\/strong> and <strong>diabetes<\/strong>.\r\n\r\nIs intermittent fasting the only solution? No: in recent years scientific evidence has been collected on the effects of certain molecules of natural origin that can &#8220;mimic&#8221; caloric restriction by acting on those very molecular mechanisms that slow down cellular aging. They are called &#8220;caloric restriction mimetics&#8221; (CMRs) and are being carefully evaluated by researchers because, being present in our diet since ever, they have no apparent risk of toxicity or side effects. SoLongevity is engaged in the research of active CMRs on the three metabolic pathways of aging.<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\n<div id=\"call_to_action-block_5eb50f7641d3e\" class=\"section article-footer biblio\">\n  <div>\n  <h3>References<\/h3>\n    Kenyon C.: The genetics of ageing; Nature 464: 504-512, 2010.\r\n\u200d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08980\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature08980\r\n\r\n\u200d<\/a>De Cabo R and Mattson MP.: Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Health, Aging, and Disease; N Engl J Med 381:2541-2551, 2019.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra1905136\">https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/10.1056\/NEJMra1905136<\/a>  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yes, while ageing the reactions that occur in the body become less efficient. But through small interventions on nutrition and physical activity it is possible to stimulate it, stopping the aging process and reducing the risk of disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[158,60],"tags":[160,169],"class_list":["post-19351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-en","category-old-posts","tag-active-ageing","tag-nutrition"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Metabolism, is it true that it slows down with age? - SoLongevity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/solongevity.com\/en\/longevity-news\/metabolism-is-it-true-that-it-slows-down-with-age\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Metabolism, is it true that it slows down with age? - SoLongevity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yes, while ageing the reactions that occur in the body become less efficient. 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